SpaceX is finally going public — and at a valuation that's likely to make it one of the world's biggest companies the moment it hits the market. So what happens when a company worth as much as $2 trillion suddenly needs to be folded into indexes, ETFs, and portfolios built for a different era?

On this episode of Trillions, Eric Balchunas and Joel Weber are joined by Bloomberg Intelligence analysts James Seyffart and Sharoon Francis to unpack the dawn of the mega-cap IPO. They explore how index providers are rewriting decades-old rules to accommodate SpaceX, why passive funds could become some of its biggest buyers, which ETFs and mutual funds already have exposure to the company, and what it all means as other private giants — including OpenAI and Anthropic — prepare to enter the public markets.

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The ETF universe keeps getting bigger - and weirder. This year is already on pace to shatter records for launches and inflows; it's also producing some of the most niche, speculative and oddly specific funds the industry has ever seen. From leveraged bets on obscure semiconductor firms to thematic products targeting everything from lithography to nicotine, the race to capture investor attention is officially in overdrive.

In this "ETFs to Watch" episode, Eric Balchunas and Joel Weber are joined by Isabelle Lee, a cross-asset reporter with Bloomberg News, to break down a few new launches fighting for investor attention. They discuss Defiance's POET ETF (ticker POEL); Corgi's lithography and photonics fund (ticker EUV); Hexis's nicotine-focused ETF (ticker NICO); and Roundhill's "real world assets" HALO strategy (ticker LOHA). Along the way they make some detours to discuss leveraged IPO mania, Reddit skeptics, and, well, corgis.

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What if you invested at literally the worst possible moments in market history? According to Ben Carlson, the co-host of the Animal Spirits podcast and an advisor at Ritholtz Wealth Management, even the world's worst market timer could still become a millionaire. Carlson's new book, Risk & Reward, explores why long-term investing remains so psychologically difficult.

On this episode of Trillions, Eric Balchunas and Joel Weber speak with Carlson about his new book, which implores you to stop panicking and just stay the course. They discuss the genius of boring index funds, "fun accounts" as a behavioral release valve, whether buffer ETFs are financial Xanax and how the ETF wrapper may help turn tax efficiency into the new alpha. They also drill into Carlson's other big launch: Goaltender (GTND), a new ETF from Ritholtz, and go over why wealth managers are becoming ETF issuers.

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