If you've seen everyone on your social feed chasing the latest NAD+ trend and wondered if it's truly the fountain of youth, this episode is for you. We’re rolling up our sleeves and diving straight into the deep end of the science. Consider this your guide to separate medicine from marketing, so you can decide what actually makes sense for your own health.

For wonderings, musings, or just a quick hello, feel free to reach out: drhart@hartfamilymedicine.com

Straight Facts:

• Bhasin S, Seals D, Migaud M, Musi N, Baur JA. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns. Endocrine Reviews. 2023.
• Chen AC, Martin AJ, Choy B, et al. A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;373(17):1618-1626.
• Conlon NJ. The Role of NAD+ in Regenerative Medicine. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2022;150(4):637e-648e.
• Freeberg KA, Udovich CC, Martens CR, Seals DR, Craighead DH. Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2023.
• Gallagher C, Emmanuel OO. NAD⁺ Supplementation for Anti-Aging and Wellness: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Ageing Research Reviews. 2026.
• Hwang ES, Song SB. Nicotinamide Is an Inhibitor of SIRT1 in Vitro, but Can Be a Stimulator in Cells. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2017.
• Janssens GE, Grevendonk L, Perez RZ, et al. Healthy Aging and Muscle Function Are Positively Associated With NAD⁺ Abundance in Humans. Nature Aging. 2022;2(3):254-263.
• Mitchell SJ, Bernier M, Aon MA, et al. Nicotinamide Improves Aspects of Healthspan, but Not Lifespan, in Mice. Cell Metabolism. 2018.
• Nakazzi F, Zarei M, Lopes M, et al. Vitamin B3 Derivatives Support Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival and Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancer Letters. 2026.
• Schwarzmann L, Pliquett RU, Simm A, Bartling B. Sex-Related Differences in Human Plasma NAD+/NADH Levels Depend on Age. Bioscience Reports. 2021.
• Wang P, Chen M, Hou Y, et al. Fingerstick Blood Assay Maps Real-World NAD Disparity Across Gender and Age. Aging Cell. 2023.
• Yang F, Deng X, Yu Y, et al. Association of Human Whole Blood NAD Contents With Aging. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022.

A closer look at the rapidly evolving world of GLP-1 medications; from who may benefit from them to understanding the research, side effects, misconceptions, and why thoughtful medical guidance matters more than ever.

Keeping Up With the GLP-1s:

Company: NOVO NORDISK

Drug: Semaglutide

• Weight Loss Brand Name: Wegovy (injection & oral)
• DM2 Brand Names: Ozempic (injection) & Rybelsus (oral)

Company: ELI LILLY

Drug: Tirzepatide

• Weight Loss Brand Name: Zepbound (injection)
• DM2 Brand Name: Mounjaro (injection)

Drug: Orforglipron

• Weight Loss Brand Name: Foundayo (oral)

Drug: Retatrutide – In development

• Weight loss & DM2 expected indications

* Just a heads-up: I recorded the indications section before the official PCOS to PMOS name change on 5/12/2026, so you’ll still hear me use the term “PCOS” throughout this episode.

For wonderings, musings, or just a quick hello, feel free to reach out: ⁠drhart@hartfamilymedicine.com⁠

Straight Facts:

• Kushner RF, Jastreboff AM, Ryan DH. Current and Future Medications for Obesity Treatment. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2025.
• Gonzalez-Rellan MJ, Drucker DJ. New Molecules and Indications for GLP-1 Medicines. JAMA. 2025;334(14):1231–1234. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.14392.
• Mechanisms of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Weight Loss: A Review of Central and Peripheral Pathways in Appetite and Energy Regulation. The American Journal of Medicine. 2025.
• Lin S, Deng Y, Huang J, et al. Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Weight Management and Metabolic Parameters in PCOS Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Scientific Reports. 2025.
• Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Cardiovascular Benefits and Mechanisms of Action. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2023.
• Couldwell M, Tidwell AJ, Taylor AE. Impact of GLP-1 Agonists on Reproduction. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2025.
• Choudhury I, Ward JH, Mahesh S, et al. Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) on Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Therapeutics. 2026.
• Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes: A Focus on the Metabolic Differences Among Southeast Asian, Chinese and Indian Populations and How This Impacts Treatment. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2025.
• Pasternak B, Wintzell V, Eliasson B, et al. Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Serious Renal Events: Scandinavian Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2020.
• Chen TH, Hu EH, Chen DY, et al. GLP-1 RAs and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes by Body Mass Index in Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Network Open. 2025.
• Budini B, Luo S, Tam M, et al. Trajectory of Weight Regain After Cessation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Nonlinear Meta-Regression. EClinicalMedicine. 2026;93:103796. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.103796.
• Compounded Semaglutide and Tirzepatide Products Use Unique Formulations but Efficacy and Safety Largely Unknown. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2026.
• Association of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists with Risk of Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2025.

Red light therapy is everywhere right now, but what’s real and what’s just really good marketing? In this episode, we review the evidence, address common misconceptions, and rank the top eleven at-home devices to help guide informed, evidence-based use.

For wonderings, musings, or just a quick hello, feel free to reach out: drhart@hartfamilymedicine.com

Straight Facts:

• Guo Z, Yuan K. The application of light emitting diode (LED) in cosmetic dermatology. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2025;41(5):e70041. doi:10.1111/phpp.70041
• Park SH, Park SO, Jung JA. Clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of home-used LED and IRED mask for crow’s feet: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104(7):e41596. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000041596
• Arranz-Paraíso D, Sola Y, Baeza-Moyano D, et al. Mitochondria and light: an overview of the pathways triggered in skin and retina with incident infrared radiation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2022.
• Mineroff J, Austin E, Jagdeo J. Cutaneous effects of photobiomodulation with 1072 nm light. Arch Dermatol Res. 2023.
• Li WH, Seo I, Kim B, et al. Low-level red plus near infrared lights combination induces expressions of collagen and elastin in human skin in vitro. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2021.
• Cohen M, Austin E, Masub N, et al. Home-based devices in dermatology: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. Arch Dermatol Res. 2022;314(3):239-246. doi:10.1007/s00403-021-02231-0
• Maghfour J, Ozog DM, Mineroff J, et al. Photobiomodulation CME Part I: overview and mechanism of action. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024;91(5):793-802. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.073
• Bragato EF, Pires JA, Momolli M, et al. Comparison of the effects of 2 frequencies of application of photobiomodulation on facial rejuvenation: controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(5):e32514. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032514
• Bragato EF, Paisano AF, Pavani C, et al. Role of photobiomodulation application frequency in facial rejuvenation: randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2025;40(1):170. doi:10.1007/s10103-025-04383-1
• Gutiérrez-Menéndez A, Marcos-Nistal M, Méndez M, Arias JL. Photobiomodulation as a promising new tool in the management of psychological disorders: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020.
• Ji Q, Yan S, Ding J, et al. Photobiomodulation improves depression symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychiatry. 2024.
• Papageorgiou P, Katsambas A, Chu A. Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2000.
• Li J, Li J, Zhang L, et al. Comparison of red light and blue light therapies for mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized controlled clinical study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2022.
• Wilkerson EC, Van Acker MM, Bloom BS, Goldberg DJ. Utilization of laser therapy during pregnancy: a systematic review of the maternal and fetal effects reported from 1960 to 2017. Dermatol Surg. 2019.
• Sharma AN, Kincaid CM, Mesinkovska NA. The burden of melasma: race, ethnicity, and comorbidities. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024.
• Tähkämö L, Partonen T, Pesonen AK. Systematic review of light exposure impact on human circadian rhythm. Chronobiol Int. 2019.
• Knutson KL, Dixon DD, Grandner MA, et al. Role of circadian health in cardiometabolic health and disease risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025.
• Pan R, Zhang G, Deng F, Lin W, Pan J. Effects of red light on sleep and mood in healthy subjects and individuals with insomnia disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2023.
• Lee YI, Lee E, Nam KH, et al. The use of a light-emitting diode device for neck rejuvenation and its safety on thyroid glands. J Clin Med. 2021.