How Armies Coordinated Before Radios
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About this listen
For most of military history, commanders could not communicate in real time.Orders traveled by horn, flag, runner, and assumption. Once battle began, plans could not be updated—only executed or abandoned.This interstitial examines how pre-radio armies solved the coordination problem without speed, synchronization, or continuous control. Not through better signals, but through doctrine, delegation, and tolerance for drift.
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