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The Enlightenment

The Pursuit of Happiness 1680-1790

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The Enlightenment

By: Ritchie Robertson
Narrated by: Jonathan Keeble
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About this listen

Brought to you by Penguin.

The Enlightenment is one of the formative periods of Western history, yet more than 300 years after it began, it remains controversial. It is often seen as the fountainhead of modern values such as human rights, religious toleration, freedom of thought, scientific thought as an exemplary form of reasoning, and rationality and evidence-based argument. Others accuse the Enlightenment of putting forward a scientific rationality which ignores the complexity and variety of human beings, propagates shallow atheism, and aims to subjugate nature to so-called technical progress.

Ritchie Robertson engages with all these views to show that the Enlightenment sought above all to increase human happiness in this world by promoting scientific inquiry and reasoned argument and by challenging the authority traditionally assumed by the Churches. His book presents illuminating readings of many key Enlightenment texts, and overturns many received opinions - for example, that enlightenment necessarily implied hostility to religion. Answering the question 'what is Enlightenment?' Kant famously urged men and women above all to use their ownunderstanding. Robertson shows how the thinkers of the Enlightenment did just that, seeking a rounded understanding of humanity in which reason was balanced with emotion and sensibility. It is a master-class in 'big picture' history, about one of the foundational epochs of modern times.

© Ritchie Robertson 2020 (P) Penguin Audio 2020

18th Century Civilization Europe Modern Philosophy World Middle Ages Capitalism Mathematics Imperialism Great Britain Socialism Metaphysical Morality Human Rights Ancient History Latin American Humanism Liberalism

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Critic reviews

cogently expressed and scrupulously documented ... The Enlightenment, he believes, has an urgent message for our time (Keith Thomas)
the book is written out of genuine curiosity and palpable enthusiasm. Robertson's range allows him to make many illuminating comparisons and some provocative juxtapositions ... This is surely the best and most up to date single-volume study of the Enlightenment that we currently possess. It will inform the general reader while also often provoking, delighting and surprising the specialist. (David Womersley)
The Enlightenment by Ritchie Robertson is a fine examination of how the enlightenment changed the world in different ways in different places - scintillating. (Simon Sebag Montefiore)
a work that is at once readable, authoritative and wide-ranging ... a handsome single volume, complete with nearly 30 images from the great first editions of the period. The author is a professor of German literature and thought at Oxford University, but whatever the specific subject addressed, the quality of scholarship is uniformly high. (Jesse Norman)
learned, capacious and gloriously rich ... "The first Quality of an Historian," David Hume wrote to a friend, "is to be true and impartial; the next to be interesting." Judged by such a standard, Robertson must be reckoned a historian of very high quality indeed. His book is not just learned and balanced, it is also - in the noblest tradition of the Enlightenment itself - principled and humane. (Tom Holland)
Mr. Robertson is a splendid writer, astoundingly versed in European letters and gifted at vividly sketching the views of the "Enlighteners." ... Mr. Robertson, armed with a prodigious knowledge of the Enlightenment's literary output, has captured the tone and spirit of this milieu. (Jeffrey Collins)
Mr. Robertson is a splendid writer, astoundingly versed in European letters and gifted at vividly sketching the views of the "Enlighteners" ... [who] has written a fitting tribute to his subject ... Often characterized as a great philosophical movement, it is better understood as a style, a set of shifting public habits and attitudes. Mr. Robertson, armed with a prodigious knowledge of the Enlightenment's literary output, has captured the tone and spirit of this milieu. (Jeffrey Collins)
Masterly...[an] epic survey of Enlightened minds, ideas and policies across Europe and the Americas...Mr Robertson sweetens erudition with humanity, much as his subjects did. Science and statecraft, which are amply chronicled, yield to compassion, sympathy and a self-critical outlook that welcomes experimentation and changes of mind. Not least among its lessons for today, The Enlightenment shows how its sages learned "to manage even Disputes with Civility". (The Economist)
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I can't get enough of Jonathan Keeble audio books, he has the perfect, commanding voice for grand historical narrative sweeps. Superb.

Another tour de force from Jonathan Keeble

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I thoroughly enjoyed this journey through the thinking in the 18th century. It is long and detailed, and all the better for that.

No off to read some Voltaire, Montesquieu, Schiller and Lessing.
Thanks. This book in of itself is enlightening!

Fantastic listen

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wow! this has opened my eyes to a significant period in history. the transformation from restricted view and life in Europe from 1600s to a wider world view and the struggle to balance religion science.

most thorough and detailed

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My initial assumption was that - despite very positive reviews - this book would be another oversimplified overview. The reductionary subtitle "the pursuit of happiness" felt a bit too trite, like it was buying into the clichéd naïvety of assuming the American declaration of independence and constitution were somehow high water marks of social and philosophical evolution. The thematic chapters, culminating on one titled simply "Revolution" added to that impression.

Thankfully I was totally wrong. This is an amazing achievement - the first book I've encountered that makes the Enlightenment fully comprehensible in all its complexity and contradictions, contextualising it across multiple countries and right up to the ongoing conversations and controversies over its impact and legacies. The thematic approach means I've come away with a far clearer grasp of the key Enlightenment ideas, people, and their interrelationships than I've ever managed before.

This is particularly impressive in that I've always found the Enlightenment to be such a vast, daunting concept to get one's head around in anything more than a superficial way that I've been trying to learn more about it with varying degrees of failure for getting on for thirty years. It was too big to dare taking on when studying history at university, with so many big names and complex ideas, so many events, so much to read, so much backstory, and all - seemingly - building up to the near-incomprehensible chaos of the French Revolution, which then led to reactions and responses and further areas in which to get bogged down in details. Pretty much every other aspect of philosophy has seemed easier to grasp - even the likes of the deconstructionists. (This is part of the reason why Jonathan Israel's vast series of chunky books on the Enlightenment have been sitting unread on my shelves for years - and why I never took one of his courses when he was a professor at my old university...)

If there's a flaw in the book's approach it's that the relative chronology of ideas and events that fall outside the broad themes of each chapter can be slightly hard to follow at times. This is made a little worse in the audiobook as the sub-chapters don't bother to borrow the section subheaders from the print edition, which help the logic of the approach become more apparent. But the narrator is excellent - albeit the voices he uses for quotes, especially one by women, become quite funny after a while, and some of his pronunciation is off on some of the names.

But for a long book on such a complex topic, small subjective flaws can be easily forgiven. Most importantly, I now - finally - feel like I have a good enough base understanding to dive properly into Jonathan Israel, Kant, and other more complex works.

This is the book I needed thirty years ago

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Really enjoyed listening to this book. Narrator is excellent. Would recommend it for anyone interested in the history of ideas.

Great listen

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