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In the fifteenth century, even before the city states of the Apennine Peninsula began to coalesce into what would become, several centuries later, a nation, "Italy" exerted enormous influence over all of Europe and throughout the Mediterranean. Viewing the Italy (the many Italies?) of that time through the lens of today allows us to gather a fragmented, multi-faceted, and seemingly contradictory history into a single unifying narrative that speaks to our current reality as much as it does to a specific historical period. This is what the French historian Fernand Braudel achieves here.

Ripples Across Time explores the sweeping changes that shaped Europe from the Middle Ages to the dawn of modernity. Through a series of thematic chapters, the book examines the continent’s demographic shifts, the evolution of social structures, the rise of cities and the middle class, the impact of wars and religion, and the flourishing of art, science, and literature.