Heaven and hell aren't places for Kant, no parallel worlds where we are sent after death, but there is only one world in which we always remain, which however we will view differently from now after death. In this world he who constantly becomes better must become ever more blessed, he who constantly becomes worse must become ever more damned.

Quote: 0:08

We don't need to know what comes after death: 0:44

Transcendental idealism explains the beyond: 5:13

The unification of the soul with God and the intellectual viewing of things in themselves: 23:36

Heaven is community with God and the saints: 46:03

Heaven is liberation from sensuality: 1:02:34

Heaven brings felicity, not happiness: 1:18:08

The contradictions in Kant's thinking on religion and the afterlife: 1:46:33

Heaven is eternal progression towards holiness and felicity: 1:57:59

The active and passive conception of heaven: 2:10:00

Heaven is increase of activity: 2:17:35

Are heaven and hell eternal?: 2:26:25

Thanks: 2:50:20

About the afterlife, heaven and hell Kant barely talks in his published texts. His views about this can mostly be found in his lectures on metaphysics: https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0028kant/mode/2up | https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0028kant_d7g2/mode/2up (I am not aware of any English translation).

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Kant believed in the immortality of the soul. For this reason finds three different arguments, analogues to the three arguments for the existence of God: The argument from the assumed essence of the soul, which Kant refutes. The argument that the character of the soul seems to point towards a purpose beyond our earthly life, which Kant shows to be insufficient but still valued. And the moral argument, which alone remains.

Quote: 0:08

The parallelism between rational psychology and rational theology: 2:18

The ontological proof for the immortality of the soul: 15:53

The physicopsychological proof for the soul living on: 32:51

- The purposiveness of nature: 35:11

- The soul seems to be meant for higher purposes: 45:28

- The value of the physicopsychological proof: 1:13:56

The moral proof for the soul living on: 1:26:23

The parallelism between the physicopsychological proof and the moral proof: 1:44:27

Thanks: 1:50:51

Overiew over metaphysics according to Kant: https://jonathanivoloewer.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Metaphysics-according-to-Kant-scaled.jpg

Especially the ontological argument for the immortality of the soul Kant discusses in his Critique of Pure Reason in the main piece on the paralogisms: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm#chap72. More extensively he deals with the arguments for the soul living on, especially with the physicopsychological one, in his lectures on metaphysics, where he deals with rational psychology: https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0028kant/mode/2up | https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0028kant_d7g2/mode/2up (I am not aware of any English translation).

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The problem of theodicy is about the issue of the justification of God in face of the bad in the world. According to Kant's moral theology God is to be conceived in three roles: As holy creator, benevolent governer and just judge of the world. Therefore his holiness, benevolence and justice can be called into question and therefore there also is a need for a threefold justification.

Quote: 0:08

The problem of theodicy: 1:01

Kant's contribution to the theodicy: 5:27

Why did a holy God create evil?: 20:48

One doesn't become an atheist because of the problem of theodicy, rather theodicy becomes a problem because of atheism: 50:08

There is more aufklärung and less ausklärung needed: 1:07:43

Why does a benevolent God allow ills?: 1:18:37

- The ills are a matter of perspective: 1:21:46

- Man is perpetrator, not victim: 1:55:25

- The sensual world is not the final purpose: 2:07:03

Why does a just God not punish evil?: 2:19:24

Thanks: 2:41:39

Overview over theology according to Kant: https://jonathanivoloewer.de/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/theology-according-to-Kant.png

Theodicy Kant discusses most extensively and clearly in his lectures on rational theology: https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0000kant_r0k1/mode/2up (I am not aware of any English translation).

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