Most drug discovery genomic data comes from a thin slice of the world, and that bias follows every decision downstream.

Your team can run a Mendelian randomization study on 35,000 patients and still walk away with a single signal that doesn't even apply to the population you care about. If your phenotype definitions are fuzzy, more data won't save you.

Erika Kvikstad is a computational biologist who led precision medicine for cardiovascular disease at Bristol-Myers Squibb, working on therapies including Camzyos for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. She now works independently on genomic data equity, focused on how reference populations shape everything from target discovery to clinical trial recruitment.

You'll get a practical look at how to evaluate real-world data vendors, why heart failure is nearly impossible to define cleanly from billing codes, and where statistical power breaks down even with tens of thousands of patients. Erika also explains how her team used AI to reconstruct missing imaging data and validate cardiomyopathy diagnoses at scale.

This episode covers GWAS studies, Mendelian randomization, UK Biobank, proteome-wide analysis, and the practical gap between biobank-scale data and disease-specific cohorts. It's built for data and analytics leaders working in life sciences who need to understand where genomic bias enters their pipeline, not just that it exists.

Clarification

Around 57:58–58:24, in discussing the proteome-wide Mendelian randomization study, Erika moved quickly between two related findings. BTN3A2 was identified as a candidate associated with ischemic stroke and potential immune-modulatory biology. Separately, single-cell expression data helped contextualize other candidate signals, including some with enriched expression in cardiomyocyte populations. Cardiomyocyte-enriched expression was not a specific finding for BTN3A2.

Chapter Markers

00:00 Whose genome are we designing drugs for

01:34 Erika's path from academic genomics to BMS

03:48 Building the precision medicine strategy at BMS

06:37 Ross shares his own HCM diagnosis

07:09 Why heart failure resists clean definition

11:11 How medication use reclassifies patients

14:35 Imaging as a biomarker, and its data gaps

20:23 Data infrastructure gaps across regions

22:44 What to look for when evaluating a data vendor

27:35 Consortia and biobanked specimens for rare mutations

29:52 Cardiovascular data infrastructure versus oncology

32:29 Where statistical power breaks down

37:07 UK Biobank's strengths and its limits

40:01 Bridging broad biobanks with disease-specific cohorts

44:32 How reference population bias propagates downstream

48:53 Where genomic bias hits hardest in the pipeline

53:18 Inside a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization study

59:42 Choosing the right computational tool for the question

1:06:38 Building globally representative genomic infrastructure

1:08:04 Ross's takeaways on bias and statistical power

Useful Links & Resources

- Erika on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/erikakvikstad

- UK Biobank: https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk

- Alliance for Genomic Discovery: https://alliancegenomicdiscovery.org

- SHaRe Registry (DCM Foundation): https://dcmfoundation.org

Connect With the Show

- Ross Katz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/b-ross-katz/

- (Ross Katz on X: https://x.com/brosskatz

- CorrDyn LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/corrdyn/

Have you run into genomic reference bias in your own work? Tell us what it looked like and how your team caught it.

Visit corrdyn.com to learn how CorrDyn can help your organization extract value from data.

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Why treating the cell, not the protein, could turn chronic disease treatment into something closer to a cure.

You've built single-cell pipelines that spit out clusters, p-values and target lists, but nothing that survives contact with the clinic. What if the clustering method itself is quietly leading you astray?

Adam Freund is Founder and CEO of Arda Therapeutics, a biotech using single-cell sequencing to find the pathogenic cells driving chronic disease. He spent seven years as a Principal Investigator at Calico Life Sciences, building a research lab on the biology of ageing and helping grow the company from 15 to more than 200 people, and holds a PhD in Molecular and Cell Biology from UC Berkeley.

You'll get a working model for how Arda's discovery engine turns single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data into causal cell targets. Adam explains why a common statistical shortcut in single-cell analysis produces disease signals that don't hold up and how cell depletion could replace daily dosing with a handful of treatments that reset the immune system.

Ross and Adam cover how Arda finds pathogenic cell populations across hundreds of donors, why chi-squared tests on cell clusters can substitute cell count for donor count without anyone noticing, and how B-cell depletion therapies proved that removing a cell can beat blocking its pathway. This one is for data science leaders and computational biologists building single-cell pipelines, not listeners after a general intro to drug discovery.

Key Takeaways

- Chi-squared tests on cell clusters draw their statistical power from the number of cells, not the number of donors, so a single oversampled patient can produce the same p-value as a hundred-donor study.

- Rituximab clears 100% of B cells from circulation yet does nothing for lupus because the disease-driving cells live in tissue, not blood, a lesson now shaping where Arda tests its own molecules.

- Neighborhood analysis scores each cell by the donor identity of its nearest neighbours rather than forcing cells into predefined clusters, producing a continuous disease-enrichment map with no cluster boundaries.

- When depleted cells regrow, they often come back without the trait that made them harmful in the first place, which means a handful of doses can hold a chronic disease in remission for months.

Chapter Markers

00:00 Why cell depletion beats pathway blocking

01:05 Welcome Adam Freund to the show

01:30 From Calico Life Sciences to founding Arda

03:29 Why blocking one pathway rarely works

05:32 B-cell depletion as the proof of concept

08:14 Building a modular library of depletion tools

10:46 Single-cell sequencing removes the need for a hypothesis

11:43 Why clustering is a dial, not ground truth

15:24 The chi-squared trap in single-cell analysis

20:40 Neighbourhood analysis and donor-weighted scoring

23:44 Moving from enrichment to causality

26:32 Inside Arda's lead fibrosis program

30:33 Why solid tissue testing beats blood samples

34:25 Simulating depletion in spatial transcriptomic data

38:49 The case for intermittent dosing over daily pills

43:58 The data infrastructure behind Arda's platform

48:46 Where spatial and protein data are heading

Useful Links & Resources

- Adam Freund on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adam-freund-0657654

- CorrDyn: https://corrdyn.com

Connect With the Show

- Host Ross Katz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/b-ross-katz/

- Host Ross Katz on X: https://x.com/brosskatz

- CorrDyn on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/corrdyn/

If your team runs single-cell pipelines, how do you currently decide on the number of clusters, and have you ever checked whether your significance scales with donor count rather than cell count? Tell us in the comments; we're building a running list of data QA checks for biotech data science teams.

Visit corrdyn.com to learn how CorrDyn can help your organization extract value from data.

Everyone in biotech agrees AI needs more data. Almost no one is willing to pay for it.

If you're trying to build or buy a biotech AI model, you've hit the same wall: predictive performance depends on data your budget doesn't cover, and nobody in the field seems willing to close that gap.

John Androsavich runs Ginkgo Datapoints, the bio AI data arm of Ginkgo Bioworks. He trained as an RNA scientist, spent years on the pharma side deciding which technologies were worth buying, and now sells the raw biological data everyone claims to want.

Ross and John get into why biotech spends a fraction of what tech spends on data, how automation dropped ADME testing to $199 a compound, and what that unlocks for drug discovery pipelines and data science in biotech more broadly. You'll hear why single-cell foundation models don't scale the way the field expected, and how GPT-5 designed its own lab experiments inside an autonomous facility.

This one's for data and analytics leaders in biotech who need a clearer read on where to spend on data generation, and where the field is still guessing. It's less useful if you're after a general AI overview with no biotech specifics.

Key Takeaways

- One Meta investment in a data-labelling vendor outweighs a full year of AI drug discovery venture funding combined, and dwarfs the entire single-cell data market. Biotech's data spend looks nothing like tech's.

- Ginkgo's ADME-1 offering runs at roughly a tenth of standard pricing, which is changing when and how much companies test. Teams are now running full tier-one panels earlier instead of triaging molecules before they've generated the negative data models need.

- A recent Microsoft Research paper found single-cell foundation model learning saturates at 200,000 to 2 million cells, out of a possible 20 million. Volume alone isn't the lever people assumed it was.

- GPT-5 wrote its own experimental protocols for optimising cell-free protein expression, ran them through Ginkgo's autonomous Nebula lab, and hit the lowest price-per-titer ever recorded in the field.

Chapter Markers

00:00 Introducing John Androsavich and Ginkgo Datapoints

01:12 Why Ginkgo launched a bio AI data business

05:03 Which companies benefit most from Datapoints

06:31 The paradox: everyone wants data, no one pays

09:00 How automation drives ADME-1's $199 price point

12:59 Testing the Jevons paradox in biotech data buying

16:05 Do we actually know biotech AI's scaling laws?

20:54 Why foundation model builders resist more data

24:59 What an empirical bake-off for bio AI could look like

29:32 The case against sitting on the sidelines

33:26 Inside the Virtual Cell Pharmacology Initiative

41:57 Where VCP fits among other virtual cell projects

44:50 The Antibody Developability Consortium with Apheris

53:57 Autonomous labs and GPT-5 designing its own experiments

59:38 Advice for mid-stage biotech data strategy

01:01:31 Final thoughts on where bio AI investment is heading

Useful Links & Resources

- Ginkgo Bioworks: [ginkgobioworks.com](https://www.ginkgobioworks.com)

- Related episode: Apheris CEO Robin Rohm on federated co-folding (Data in Biotech)

- Related episode: Eliza Appel on Lilly's TuneLab and federated learning (Data in Biotech)

- CorrDyn: [corrdyn.com](https://www.corrdyn.com)

Connect With the Show

- Host LinkedIn (Ross Katz): [linkedin.com/in/b-ross-katz](https://www.linkedin.com/in/b-ross-katz/)

- Host X: [x.com/brosskatz](https://x.com/brosskatz)

- CorrDyn LinkedIn: [linkedin.com/company/corrdyn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/corrdyn/)

Where does your organisation sit on the data investment paralysis John describes? Are you waiting for someone else to prove the scaling laws first, or are you buying the data now? Drop your take in the comments.

Visit corrdyn.com to learn how CorrDyn can help your organisation extract value from data.

#DataInBiotech #BiotechAI #DrugDiscovery #DataScience #GinkgoBioworks