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Empiricism and Its Limits
- Narrated by: Randy Whitlow
- Length: 2 hrs and 3 mins
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Empiricism and Its Limits
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Summary
Observation apprises us of what is, but not of what must be. It therefore does not apprise us of logical norms or of relations of logical dependence. In addition, the transformation of sensory information (pictorial) information into propositional (conceptual, non-pictorial) information presupposes knowledge of how to convert information of one kind into information of some other kind, and it therefore presupposes knowledge of logical equivalencies. Thus, not all knowledge is derived from sense-perception, even after allowances are made for the distinction between knowledge-like, but not genuinely knowledge-mediating, cognitive structures, on the one hand, and genuine knowledge, on the other. A philosophical justification is provided for Freud's profound insights, in Chapter VII of the Interpretation of Dreams, concerning the limits of iconic ideation. Wittgenstein's so-called "Picture-Theory" of language is examined.