Why does nature behave in such consistent and purposeful ways? And can this tell us anything about the existence of God?

In this final episode of our series on St Thomas Aquinas' Five Ways, we explore his Fifth Way, commonly known as the Teleological Argument.

Aquinas observes that things in nature consistently act towards particular ends, even when they have no intelligence or understanding of those ends themselves. From plants growing towards sunlight to the regular laws governing the natural world, Aquinas asks a deeper question: why is nature directed towards intelligible outcomes in the first place?

In this episode, we discuss:

- What the word "teleological" means

- Why Aquinas thinks nature acts towards particular ends

- Whether the laws of nature are enough to explain this apparent directedness

- Aquinas' famous analogy of the arrow and the archer

- Why natural things can act according to their own properties without being intelligent

- How Aquinas argues from this directedness to an ultimate intelligence

This episode concludes our series exploring St Thomas Aquinas' Five Ways and his philosophical arguments for the existence of God. Across the five arguments, Aquinas begins with different features of the world around us – change, causation, contingency, degrees of perfection, and the directedness of nature – and asks what ultimately explains them.

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